Under Carl Rogers' 'Humanistic Theory of Learning', a central concept is 'Experiential or Meaningful Learning', which involves the whole person (cognitive, affective, and behavioral) where the learner self-initiates learning and evaluates their own progress. In the context of classroom teaching and self-directed learning, which of the following psychological statements is most authentic and scientifically valid?

📌 Core Theoretical Concept:

Carl Rogers' Humanistic Theory of Learning emphasizes that true learning is 'experiential' and meaningful, involving the whole person—both cognitive and affective domains. According to Rogers, knowledge cannot be simply imposed from outside; rather, learners construct meaning internally based on their personal needs, aspirations, and experiences. In this framework, the teacher does not act as an authoritarian controller, but rather as a 'facilitator' who creates a psychologically safe, empathetic, and accepting environment where students can freely express themselves, engage in self-evaluation, and achieve self-actualization through self-directed learning. Therefore, option (c) is the most accurate and scientifically valid statement representing this theory.

📊 Key Exam Points:

• Carl Rogers is a pioneer of Humanistic Psychology, emphasizing human potential alongside Abraham Maslow.
• Experiential learning is characterized by self-initiation, personal involvement, and comprehensive learner evaluation.
• Option (a) refers to rote memorization and external reinforcement, which belongs to Behaviorism and contradicts humanism.
• Option (b) advocates authoritarian control, which is completely contrary to child-centered and humanistic education.
• Option (d) incorrectly restricts experiential learning to infancy, whereas it spans across the entire lifespan.