Who gave the identical elements theory of transfer of learning?

→ Among the primary laws of learning propounded by Edward Thorndike, the 'Law of Effect' emphasizes that satisfying outcomes strengthen a response and dissatisfying outcomes weaken it. While critically examining this law from a psychological and theoretical standpoint in the context of B.F. Skinner's 'Operant Conditioning' and Ivan Pavlov's 'Classical Conditioning', which of the following statements is most analytically correct? → Who proposed the Multi-factor theory of intelligence? → Who is considered the father of educational psychology? → What does Thorndike's 'Law of Readiness' in learning mean? → Contrary to the 'Two-Factor Theory of Intelligence' or modern multi-factor approaches, in the context of the 'Multifactor Theory of Intelligence' propounded by psychologist Edward Thorndike, Thorndike mentioned four major dimensions or qualities of intelligence—Level, Area, Range, and Speed. Among these, which of the following best represents the precise psychological meaning of the 'Range' dimension? → With reference to the transfer of learning and mental discipline, which of the following statements is most appropriate and true regarding the scientific nature and modern educational implications of the 'Theory of Mental Discipline / Formal Discipline' propounded by John Locke and Christian Wolff—according to which various faculties of the mind like memory, attention, and reasoning can be strengthened through practice in classical languages or difficult mathematical subjects—and the 'Theory of Identical Elements' propounded by Edward Thorndike and Robert Woodworth—which states that transfer of learning is possible only when identical elements or responses exist in prior learning and new situations? → Who proposed the 'Bond Theory' of learning? → Who is the originator of the S-R (Stimulus-Response) Theory?