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Under 'Learning Theories', which of the following main characteristics most accurately defines Edwin Guthrie's 'Contiguity Theory of Learning'?
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Detailed Explanation
Understanding Guthrie's Contiguity Theory
According to Edwin Guthrie's Contiguity Theory of Learning, the association between a stimulus and a response is established in a single trial through their simultaneous occurrence (Law of Association by Contiguity).
- No Reinforcement Needed: Unlike Thorndike and Skinner, Guthrie did not consider reinforcement an essential condition for learning.
- All-or-None Learning: He believed that learning is complete on the very first pairing of stimulus and response.
Therefore, Option B is the correct answer.
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