Intelligence: Concept & Theories
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With reference to the 'Two-Factor Theory of Intelligence', which of the following statements is most appropriate and true regarding the scientific nature of 'G-Factor' (General Intelligence) and 'S-Factor' (Specific Intelligence) propounded by the British psychologist Charles Spearman and their interrelationship in cognitive tasks?
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Detailed Explanation
Charles Spearman proposed the Two-Factor Theory of Intelligence in 1904. According to him, every mental task involves two types of mental abilities or factors:
- General Factor (G-Factor): This is an innate, universal, and general mental energy present in varying degrees across all intellectual and mental tasks.
- Specific Factor (S-Factor): This is a specific ability acquired through environmental experiences, training, and practice, responsible for proficiency in a particular field (such as music, painting, engineering, etc.).
Thus, option (c) most accurately and truly defines the scientific nature of this theory.
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