Intelligence Tests (IQ)
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In the context of 'intelligence testing and measurement', which of the following statements is most appropriate and true regarding the mathematical and psychological basis of the first intelligence test (Binet-Simon Intelligence Scale) developed by Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon, and the concept of 'Intelligence Quotient' (IQ) propounded by William Stern and Lewis Terman?
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Detailed Explanation
Explanation of Intelligence Testing and IQ Formula
In 1905, Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon developed the first practical intelligence test. Subsequently, the German psychologist William Stern in 1912 introduced the concept of Intelligence Quotient (IQ) as the ratio of 'Mental Age' (MA) to 'Chronological Age' (CA).
- William Stern's Contribution (1912): Proposed the ratio MA/CA.
- Lewis Terman's Contribution (1916): Multiplied the ratio by 100 in the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale to eliminate decimals and establish the modern formula: IQ = (MA/CA) × 100.
Therefore, option (A) is completely accurate and scientifically correct.
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