Memory & Forgetting
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With reference to the 'Information Processing Model of Memory', which of the following statements is most appropriate and correct regarding the 'Three-Stage Model of Memory' proposed by Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin—which includes the 'Sensory Register', 'Short-Term Memory (STM)', and 'Long-Term Memory (LTM)'—along with its scientific nature, information retention, and the reciprocal relationships between 'Proactive Interference' and 'Retroactive Interference' under the 'Interference Theory of Forgetting'?
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Detailed Explanation
Detailed Explanation
According to the Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968) Information Processing Model, memory passes through three distinct stages: Sensory Register, Short-Term Memory, and Long-Term Memory.
- Proactive Interference: Occurs when old, previously learned information interferes with the retention and recall of newly acquired information (forward-acting interference).
- Retroactive Interference: Occurs when newly acquired information interferes with the retrieval of older, previously stored memories (backward-acting interference).
Therefore, option (c) provides the scientifically accurate and complete definition of both types of interference within the memory model.
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