Child-centred & Active Learning
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Regarding John Dewey's theory of 'Progressive Education' and 'Learning by Doing', specifically the five stages of 'Reflective Thinking' and the practical classroom application of the 'Problem Solving' method, which of the following psychological statements is most authentic and scientifically valid?
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Detailed Explanation
Detailed Explanation
John Dewey, in his famous book 'How We Think' (1910), outlined five distinct phases of Reflective Thinking:
- A felt difficulty: Encountering a problem or obstacle.
- Location and definition of the difficulty: Intellectualizing and clearly defining the problem.
- Suggestions of possible solutions: Brainstorming tentative hypotheses.
- Development by reasoning: Mentally elaborating the logical consequences of the suggestions.
- Further observation and experiment: Testing the hypothesis to accept or reject it.
Under the principles of progressive education and 'Learning by Doing', this process transforms students into active problem solvers and equips them to tackle real-life challenges.
Therefore, Option (b) is the most authentic and scientifically valid statement.
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