Regarding John Dewey's 'Progressive Education' and the principle of 'Learning by Doing'—specifically the five stages of the 'Reflective Thinking Process' and 'Experiential Education'—along with their actual psychological implications for democratic values, social participation, and the scientific development of students' 'problem-solving' skills in classroom teaching, which of the following psychological statements is most authentic and scientifically valid?

In John Dewey's principles of progressive education and 'Learning by Doing', 'Reflective Thinking' is considered extremely important. The first and most crucial stage of this process is the 'Felt Difficulty'. When students face a real problem during classroom learning, cognitive dissonance is created within them, which internally motivates them for hypothesis formulation, data collection, and testing to solve the problem. This is the core basis of child-centered and democratic education.