Jerome Bruner
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Under Jerome Bruner's Theory of Cognitive Development, three modes of representation are proposed: (1) Enactive Representation, (2) Iconic Representation, and (3) Symbolic Representation. Regarding their psychological implications in classroom instruction for designing a Spiral Curriculum, developing abstract thinking, and scientifically managing Discovery Learning, which of the following psychological statements is most authentic and scientifically valid?
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Detailed Explanation
Jerome Bruner's Cognitive Development and Instructional Theory
According to Jerome Bruner, intellectual development occurs through three progressive stages: Enactive (learning through action), Iconic (learning through mental images/imagery), and Symbolic (learning through language and abstract symbols).
- Spiral Curriculum: Bruner emphasized that any subject can be taught at any age in an intellectually honest manner if structured appropriately. A spiral curriculum involves revisiting basic ideas repeatedly, building upon them until the student grasps the full formal concept at an abstract (symbolic) level.
- Option (b) accurately captures this foundational concept of cognitive pedagogy.
- Options (a), (c), and (d) contain scientifically incorrect definitions and contradict the core tenets of Bruner's constructivist and discovery learning framework.
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