Learning: Meaning, Nature & Types
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Under Robert Gagne's 'Conditions of Learning / Hierarchy of Learning', regarding the highest level of learning—'Problem Solving Learning'—and its immediate preceding stage 'Rule Learning', which of the following psychological statements is most authentic and scientifically valid concerning their actual psychological implications and the scientific management of students' higher-order cognitive abilities, logical analysis, and application of complex principles in classroom teaching?
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Detailed Explanation
According to Robert Gagne's 'Hierarchy of Learning', the eight types or levels of learning are arranged hierarchically: (1) Signal learning, (2) Stimulus-response learning, (3) Motor chaining, (4) Verbal association, (5) Discrimination learning, (6) Concept learning, (7) Rule learning, and (8) Problem-solving learning. 'Problem-solving learning' is the highest level of this hierarchy.
In this level, students solve new and complex problems by utilizing their previously acquired rules and principles. Successful prior mastery of 'Rule Learning' is a mandatory prerequisite, because higher-order logical analysis and synthesis are impossible without rules. Therefore, option (b) is the most authentic and scientifically valid statement.
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