Classical Conditioning (Pavlov)
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Which of the following psychological statements is most authentic and scientifically valid regarding the concepts of 'Cognitive Map' and 'Latent Learning' propounded under Edward Tolman's 'Sign Learning Theory / Purposive Behaviorism', in the context of students' purposeful behavior, place learning, and scientific management of internal representation in classroom teaching?
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Detailed Explanation
Detailed Explanation
Edward Tolman's Sign Learning Theory or Purposive Behaviorism emphasizes that organisms do not merely form mechanical stimulus-response (S-R) habits. Instead, they develop a mental representation or 'Cognitive Map' of their environment.
- Latent Learning: This refers to learning that occurs without any explicit reinforcement or reward. It remains latent (hidden) until an incentive is provided to manifest it.
- Classroom Implications: It scientifically proves that students can internally assimilate structural and spatial relationships without immediate rewards.
Therefore, Option A is the most accurate statement reflecting Tolman's theoretical framework.
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