Diagnostic & Remedial Teaching
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Which of the following psychological statements is most authentic and scientifically valid regarding the concept of 'Branched Programmed Instruction' or 'Intrinsic Programming' propounded by Norman Crowder—which utilizes a multiple-choice format keeping in view the learner's individual differences, errors, and independent pace, and directs them to a remedial explanation or sub-branch after every erroneous answer—in the context of actual psychological implications in classroom teaching, individual autonomy of students, corrective feedback, and the scientific management of diagnostic teaching?
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Detailed Explanation
From the perspective of child development and pedagogical science, Branched Programmed Instruction, propounded by Norman Crowder, is also known as Intrinsic Programming.
Key Characteristics:
- Multiple-Choice Format: Unlike Skinner's linear programming, Crowder's model relies on multiple-choice questions.
- Sub-branching & Remediation: If a student selects the correct answer, they advance to the next main step. If an incorrect answer is chosen, they are directed to a sub-branch containing remedial material specific to that error.
- Learner Autonomy: It strongly supports individual differences, self-pacing, and diagnostic teaching.
Therefore, option (b) is the most authentic and scientifically valid statement.
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