Moral & Character Development
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Under Lawrence Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development, regarding the second stage of Post-Conventional Morality—known as the Universal Ethical Principle Orientation (Stage 6), where an individual rises above external social rules or laws to make judgments of right or wrong based on their own conscience, universal principles of justice, human rights, and personal conscience, even if those rules conflict with unjust laws—which of the following psychological statements is most authentic and scientifically valid regarding its actual psychological implications and the scientific operation of students' moral reasoning, democratic values, and civic responsibility in classroom teaching?
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Detailed Explanation
Explanation of Kohlberg's Stage 6
According to Lawrence Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development, the sixth and final stage of Post-Conventional Morality is called the Universal Ethical Principle Orientation.
- At this level, individuals go beyond social rules or statutory laws to make moral decisions based on their own internal conscience and universal principles of justice, human rights, and equality.
- In classroom teaching, this level elevates students from conventional obedience to independent, logical, humane, and democratic values-based moral autonomy.
- Moral autonomy is extremely essential for holistic personality and character development. Therefore, option (b) is the most authentic and scientifically valid statement.
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