Operant Conditioning (Skinner)
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Under B. F. Skinner's 'Operant Conditioning Theory', a crucial and central concept is the 'Partial / Intermittent Reinforcement Schedule', defined as a psychological arrangement where reinforcement is provided intermittently after fixed or variable time intervals or responses, rather than after every correct response. Regarding its actual psychological implications, behavioral persistence, resistance to extinction, and the scientific management of intrinsic motivation in students within classroom instruction, which of the following psychological statements is most authentic and scientifically valid?
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Detailed Explanation
Detailed Explanation
According to B. F. Skinner's Operant Conditioning Theory, partial or intermittent reinforcement schedules (especially variable-ratio schedules, similar to what occurs in slot machines) produce much higher resistance to extinction compared to continuous reinforcement.
- Resistance to Extinction: When responses are reinforced only intermittently, the organism (or student) continues the behavior for a longer duration even in the absence of reinforcement.
- Classroom Implication: If students do not receive praise or grades every single time they give a correct answer, but rather at unpredictable intervals, their desired behavior remains stable and persists for a longer period.
Therefore, Option B is scientifically the most accurate and valid statement regarding partial reinforcement.
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