त्वरित लिंक्स
English Language
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In the context of Second Language Acquisition (SLA), Noam Chomsky's theory of the Language Acquisition Device (LAD) and Stephen Krashen's Monitor Model offer distinct perspectives on how human beings process and master languages. Consider the following theoretical propositions:I. Krashen posits that language acquisition is a subconscious process similar to how children develop their native tongue, whereas language learning is a conscious process resulting in formal knowledge of grammar rules.II. Chomsky's nativist hypothesis argues that surface structures are directly memorized through environmental reinforcement, while deep structures are explicitly taught via structural syllabi.III. According to Krashen's Affective Filter Hypothesis, high anxiety, low self-confidence, and low motivation can act as a mental block that prevents comprehensible input from reaching the language acquisition device.Identify the option that correctly evaluates the validity of these propositions.
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Detailed Explanation
Proposition I is correct because Stephen Krashen famously distinguished between subconscious 'acquisition' and conscious 'learning' in his Second Language Acquisition theory. Proposition III is also correct since the Affective Filter Hypothesis states that variables like anxiety, self-consciousness, and motivation can impede the intake of language. Proposition II is incorrect because Chomsky's nativist theory asserts that humans are born with an innate capacity (the Language Acquisition Device) driven by Universal Grammar, rather than relying on environmental reinforcement or explicit structural teaching.
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