त्वरित लिंक्स
English Language
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In the study of second language acquisition and sociolinguistics, language serves diverse communicative and cognitive functions. Consider the following theoretical propositions regarding the micro-functions of speaking and the receptive functions of listening within Halliday's functional framework and communicative pedagogy:I. The transactional function of spoken language primarily focuses on the exchange of social relations and the maintenance of rapport, where interpersonal bonding supersedes the transmission of propositional information.II. Intensive listening requires the learner to process spoken discourse globally to grasp the macro-structure, overall theme, and speaker intent without necessarily decoding every individual phoneme or lexical item.III. The interactional function of language emphasizes interpersonal communication, relationship maintenance, and social solidarity, whereas transactional language is message-oriented and goal-directed.Identify the option that correctly evaluates the validity of propositions I, II, and III.
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Detailed Explanation
Statement I is incorrect because the function described (exchange of social relations and rapport maintenance) defines the *interactional* function, not the transactional function, which is strictly message-oriented. Statement II is incorrect because processing spoken discourse globally for macro-structures and overall themes defines *extensive* listening, whereas *intensive* listening focuses on microscopic decoding of specific sounds, words, and grammatical structures. Statement III is correct; in applied linguistics and sociolinguistics, spoken language is systematically categorized into interactional (interpersonal/social) and transactional (information/task-oriented) functions as originally delineated by linguists like George Yule and Michael Halliday.
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