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English Language
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In advanced English syntax and idiomatic collocation, phrasal verbs, prepositional verbs, and particle placement exhibit strict structural constraints. Consider the following four complex propositions regarding prepositions and phrasal verbs:I. In transitive separable phrasal verbs comprising a lexical verb and an adverbial particle (e.g., *'turn down'*, *'look up'*, *'hand in'*), when the direct object is a personal pronoun (e.g., *'it'*, *'them'*), the pronoun is syntactically constrained to appear strictly between the verb and the particle (e.g., *'Turn it down'*), whereas nominal objects permit both medial and final particle placement.II. Prepositional verbs, which consist of a lexical verb followed by a non-separable preposition (e.g., *'rely on'*, *'object to'*, *'listen to'*), allow the prepositional complement to be positioned directly between the verb and the preposition, exactly like separable phrasal verbs (e.g., *'She relied him on'*).III. Three-part phrasal-prepositional verbs (e.g., *'look forward to'*, *'run out of'*, *'put up with'*) are strictly intransitive and never take a nominal or pronominal complement following the final prepositional component under any syntactic condition.IV. When a prepositional verb or phrasal-prepositional verb undergoes wh-movement, relativization, or clefting (e.g., *'What are you looking at?'* or *'The topic that she was referring to'*), standard English syntax permits preposition stranding, where the preposition remains at the end of the clause separated from its moved complement.Identify the option that correctly evaluates the grammatical and syntactic validity of propositions I, II, III, and IV.
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Detailed Explanation
Proposition I is correct because pronominal objects with separable phrasal verbs must be placed medially between the verb and particle (e.g., *'Switch it off'*, not *'Switch off it'*). Proposition II is incorrect because prepositional verbs are non-separable; the object must follow the preposition (*'She relied on him'*, not *'She relied him on'*). Proposition III is incorrect because three-part phrasal-prepositional verbs are actually transitive and take an object after the final preposition (e.g., *'look forward to the vacation'*). Proposition IV is correct because standard English readily permits Wikipedia Reference (preposition stranding) in wh-questions and relative clauses.
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