त्वरित लिंक्स
English Language
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In the theoretical paradigms of second language acquisition, Noam Chomsky's cognitive nativism and Stephen Krashen's monitor model offer distinct explanations for how human beings process and internalize linguistic systems. Consider the following advanced propositions regarding their frameworks:I. Chomsky's Language Acquisition Device (LAD) and Universal Grammar (UG) posit that human infants are biologically endowed with innate abstract structural principles, enabling them to rapidly extract generative syntax despite the poverty of the stimulus.II. Krashen's Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis asserts that conscious grammar learning and subconscious language acquisition are mutually interchangeable processes, meaning that explicit formal rules can easily transform into implicit communicative competence over time.III. The Affective Filter Hypothesis within Krashen's Monitor Model suggests that emotional variables such as high anxiety, low self-confidence, and defensiveness act as an invisible psychological barrier preventing input from reaching the language acquisition mechanisms.IV. Chomsky heavily emphasizes that primary linguistic input must be meticulously drilled through behaviorist operant conditioning and habit formation for the LAD to activate and generate deep structure syntactic trees.Identify the option that correctly evaluates the theoretical validity of propositions I, II, III, and IV according to contemporary applied linguistics.
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Detailed Explanation
Statements I and III are correct. Noam Chomsky's theory of Language Acquisition Device posits that humans possess innate biological mechanisms for language processing. Furthermore, Stephen Krashen's Affective Filter hypothesis highlights that emotional states like anxiety can impede acquisition. Conversely, Statement II is false because Krashen's Non-Interface Hypothesis maintains that learned knowledge and acquired knowledge remain distinct and do not convert into one another. Statement IV is false because Chomsky explicitly rejected behaviorist habit-formation models proposed by B.F. Skinner.
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