त्वरित लिंक्स
English Language
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In the pedagogy of second-language teaching, the Communicative Approach (Communicative Language Teaching or CLT) revolutionized classroom dynamics by shifting the focus from structural grammar mastery to communicative competence. Consider the following four advanced propositions regarding the theoretical foundations and methodological principles of the Communicative Approach:I. Hymes's concept of 'communicative competence' extends beyond Chomsky's 'linguistic competence' by incorporating sociolinguistic, discourse, and strategic competencies, emphasizing that knowing *how* to use language appropriately in diverse social contexts is as crucial as knowing grammatical rules.II. CLT prioritizes fluency over strict grammatical accuracy during initial communicative fluency activities, encouraging authentic interaction and meaningful negotiation of meaning without constant, interruptive error correction that might inhibit learner output.III. Authentic materials and real-world task-based activities are strictly prohibited in early-stage CLT classrooms because exposure to non-pedagogical, native-authored texts inevitably causes severe cognitive overload and insurmountable affective filters in beginner learners.IV. The learner's role in CLT shifts from a passive recipient of teacher-fronted knowledge to an active negotiator, autonomous communicator, and social participant, while the teacher primarily functions as a facilitator, resource person, and communicative task designer.Identify the option that correctly evaluates the pedagogical and theoretical validity of propositions I, II, III, and IV according to modern second-language acquisition theory and the Communicative Language Teaching framework.
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Detailed Explanation
Propositions I, II, and IV are correct. Dell Hymes introduced 'communicative competence' to contrast with Chomsky's purely structural 'linguistic competence'. CLT emphasizes fluency, communicative tasks, and authentic interaction, positioning the teacher as a facilitator and the learner as an active negotiator. Proposition III is incorrect because CLT actively advocates for the use of authentic materials and real-world tasks even from early stages, provided tasks are properly graded and scaffolded, rather than banning them. For further reading, consult the principles of Communicative Language Teaching.
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