त्वरित लिंक्स
English Language
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In advanced English lexicology and orthography, precise vocabulary acquisition requires mastering complex one-word substitutions and adhering to established spelling conventions. Consider the following four advanced propositions regarding one-word substitutions and spelling corrections:I. The term *'iconoclast'* denotes a person who attacks cherished beliefs, traditional institutions, or sacred figures, whereas an *'antiquarian'* refers strictly to someone who collects or studies ancient artifacts and rare manuscripts.II. In standard British and American English orthography, the words *'millennium'*, *'accommodation'*, and *'supersede'* are correctly spelled with double 'n', double 'c' and double 'm', and a single 's' followed by '-sede' respectively, whereas misspelling them as *'milenium'*, *'accomodation'*, and *'supercede'* constitutes a common orthographic error.III. A person who possesses an insatiable, obsessive greed for wealth and material gain—hoarding money at the expense of comfort—is accurately described by the one-word substitution *'altruist'*, while a person who is indifferent to pleasure or pain is termed a *'stoic'*.IV. The orthographic rule of 'i before e except after c' correctly accounts for the spelling of words like *'receive'* and *'conceive'*, but fails when applied to counter-examples with a 'c' sound where 'e before i' is required, such as *'ancient'* or *'coefficient'*.Identify the option that correctly evaluates the lexical, semantic, and orthographic validity of propositions I, II, III, and IV according to standard English vocabulary and English orthography standards.
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Detailed Explanation
To evaluate the propositions: Proposition I is correct; an 'iconoclast' shatters traditions, and an 'antiquarian' studies antiquities. Proposition II is correct; 'millennium' (double l, double n), 'accommodation' (double c, double m), and 'supersede' (ending in -sede) are correctly spelled, avoiding common misspellings. Proposition III is incorrect because a person with an insatiable greed for wealth is a 'miser' or 'parsimonious', whereas an 'altruist' is selflessly concerned for the welfare of others. Proposition IV is correct; while 'receive' and 'conceive' follow the 'i before e except after c' rule, words like 'ancient' and 'coefficient' deviate from it based on phonological and etymological factors. For further reading on orthographic conventions, refer to English orthography.
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