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English Language
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In advanced English lexicology and semantic field theory, precision in nuanced synonymy, antonymy, and figurative idioms is crucial for competitive examinations. Consider the following four advanced propositions regarding lexical relations and idiomatic phraseology: I. The adjective 'obstreperous' serves as a precise antonym for 'compliant', 'amenable', or 'docile', denoting a state of noisy, unruly resistance and unmanageable turbulence, whereas 'recalcitrant' denotes stubborn resistance to authority. II. The idiomatic phrase 'to throw the baby out with the bathwater' means to discard something valuable or essential inadvertently while attempting to get rid of unwanted elements or aspects of a system. III. The terms 'alacrity' and 'celerity' function as exact synonyms when describing cheerful readiness, promptness, and brisk speed, whereas their direct antonyms include 'dilatoriness', 'languor', and 'sloth'. IV. The idiom 'to burn the candle at both ends' refers exclusively to conserving energy and working at a moderate, sustainable pace, sharing absolute semantic equivalence with the phrase 'to rest on one's laurels' (which means to strive tirelessly for future goals). Identify the option that correctly evaluates the semantic, lexical, and idiomatic validity of propositions I, II, III, and IV according to standard English lexicography.
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Detailed Explanation
To evaluate the propositions: Proposition I is correct because 'obstreperous' means noisy and difficult to control, making 'compliant' or 'docile' apt antonyms. Proposition II is correct; 'to throw the baby out with the bathwater' is a well-known idiom for discarding valuable things along with unacceptable ones. Proposition III is correct as 'alacrity' and 'celerity' both denote speed and eagerness. Proposition IV is incorrect because 'to burn the candle at both ends' means exhausting oneself by working excessively, whereas 'to rest on one's laurels' means being complacent after success—they are semantic opposites, not equivalents. For further reading on word meanings and vocabulary structures, consult Lexicography.
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