Other Theorists (Gesell, Bronfenbrenner, Bowlby…)
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With reference to the concept of 'Ecological Pyramids' and their types under Environmental Studies (EVS), consider the following statements:
- 1. According to the 'Eltonian Pyramid' propounded by Charles Elton, the number, biomass, or energy of organisms at different trophic levels in an ecosystem is represented linearly, in which generally the pyramid of energy is always upright.
- 2. In a pond or aquatic ecosystem, the 'Pyramid of Biomass' is always inverted because the total biomass of producers (phytoplankton) there is much less than that of consumers at a higher trophic level (large fish).
- 3. The 'Pyramid of Numbers' is always upright in a large tree-based ecosystem, where numerous herbivorous birds and thousands of parasitic organisms depend on a single large producer tree.
Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct?
✓ Correct! Well done.
✗ Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted above.
Detailed Explanation
Statement 1 is correct: British ecologist Charles Elton gave the concept of ecological pyramids in 1927. The pyramid of energy is always upright because according to Lindeman's 10% rule, energy decreases at each higher trophic level. Statement 2 is correct: In an aquatic ecosystem (pond), the pyramid of biomass is inverted because the weight of small phytoplankton is less than the weight of higher-level fish. Statement 3 is incorrect: In a tree-based ecosystem (parasitic food chain), the 'Pyramid of Numbers' is inverted, not upright, because multiple birds depend on a single tree (producer) and countless parasites depend on them, increasing numbers from bottom to top.
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