Educational Philosophy & Thinkers
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With reference to the ancient Indian education system and various aspects, rituals, and the Samavartana ceremony of Vedic education, consider the following statements:
- 1. In the Vedic education system, the formal studies of a student began through the 'Upanayana Sanskara', which was generally conducted between the ages of 8 to 12 based on Varna, and following this, the boy was called 'Dvij' (twice-born).
- 2. The 'Samavartana Sanskara' was organized for the student returning home from the Gurukul after the completion of education, after which the student was called a 'Snataka' and was considered eligible to begin his householder life (Grihastha ashrama).
- 3. Students completing higher education in the Vedic period were divided into three categories - 'Vidyarthi' (who studies for one year), 'Vasatu' (who studies for two years), and 'Rudra' (who studies for three or more years), and there was no provision for higher education for women, who were completely deprived of studying the Vedas.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
✓ Correct! Well done.
✗ Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted above.
Detailed Explanation
Explanation
To understand the Vedic education system, let us analyze each statement:
- Statement 1 is correct: The formal admission and beginning of study in the Gurukul during the Vedic period started with the 'Upanayana Sanskara'. The prescribed ages for Brahmin, Kshatriya, and Vaishya boys were 8, 11, and 12 years respectively. After this ritual, the boy was termed 'Dvij'.
- Statement 2 is correct: Upon completion of education, the 'Samavartana Sanskara' (meaning 'returning home') was performed when leaving the teacher's place. A student who successfully completed this graduation was called a 'Snataka' and could enter household life.
- Statement 3 is incorrect: While higher education stages were categorized, women in the early Vedic period (such as Apala, Ghosha, Gargi, and Maitreyi) had access to education, underwent Upanayana, and studied the Vedas. Thus, the claim that women were completely deprived is false.
Therefore, statements 1 and 2 are correct, making Option (a) the right choice.
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