Moral & Character Development
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With reference to the theory of children's moral development and Lawrence Kohlberg's stages, consider the following statements:
- 1. Under the 'Post-conventional Level' of Kohlberg's theory of moral development, the social contract and individual rights orientation implies that an individual believes rules are flexible agreements for social welfare and if a law violates human rights, it should be changed.
- 2. In the 'Conventional Level's 'Good Boy-Good Girl Orientation', a child is motivated by the desire to live up to expectations of others and be called 'good' by society when making moral decisions.
- 3. According to Kohlberg, the 'Pre-conventional Level' of moral development begins after approximately 10 to 13 years of age, where a child considers following country laws and rules as their highest moral duty with absolute loyalty to the social order.
Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct?
✓ Correct! Well done.
✗ Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted above.
Detailed Explanation
Statement 1 is correct: Under the Post-conventional Level of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development, 'Social Contract Orientation' comes, in which an individual views laws as social agreements rather than immutable moral truths. If laws are against human rights or justice, the need for change is understood.
Statement 2 is correct: Under the Conventional Level (which is approximately 10-13 years of age), 'Good Boy-Good Girl Orientation' (Stage 3) comes, in which the child is motivated to win praise from others and behave in accordance with society's expectations.
Statement 3 is incorrect: 'Pre-conventional Level' occurs in early childhood (approx. 4 to 10 years of age), not after 13 years. At this level, children make decisions based on external rewards, punishment, and obedience. Absolute loyalty to laws and the duty to maintain social order is a feature of the Conventional Level's 'Law and Order Orientation' (Stage 4).
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