Educational Philosophy & Thinkers
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With reference to the ancient Indian education system, the Gurukuls of the Vedic period, and prominent ancient educational centers and ashrams located in Uttar Pradesh, consider the following statements:
- 1. Maharshi Bhrigu's 'Bhrigu Kshetra' near the present-day 'Ballia' district of Uttar Pradesh and 'Naimisharanya' (present-day Sitapur district) have been major centers of penesis, Puranic tales, and education since the Vedic period, where Maharshi Shaunak and other sages imparted education to thousands of disciples.
- 2. Varanasi (Rishipattanam/Kashi) has been a major center of Upanishadic philosophy, grammar, and Buddhist education since ancient times, where references are found to the dialogues between King Ajatashatru of Kashi and the famous Upanishadic philosophers Gargi and Yajnavalkya.
- 3. In ancient times, 'Sarnath' was not only a center of Buddhism but also a prestigious center of learning related to the Vajrayana and Mahayana traditions, which is extensively mentioned in the travel accounts of the Chinese traveler Hiuen Tsang.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?
✓ Correct! Well done.
✗ Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted above.
Detailed Explanation
Statement 1 is correct because Naimisharanya (modern Sitapur) and Bhrigu Kshetra (Ballia) have been great centers of ancient Indian sages, listening to Puranas, and Vedic education. It is mentioned that education and knowledge sessions were conducted by 88,000 sages under the leadership of Shaunaka in Naimisharanya. Statement 2 is incorrect because the king of Kashi was not 'Ajatashatru' (Ajatashatru was a ruler of the Haryanka dynasty of Magadha), but rather kings like Brahmadatta or philosophical kings (such as Ashvapati of the Upanishadic period) had connections with the Vedas and Upanishads; furthermore, the dialogue between Gargi and Yajnavalkya took place in the assembly of Janaka (Videha), which was an ancient Mithila region adjacent to Uttar Pradesh, not directly with King Ajatashatru of Kashi. Statement 3 is completely correct because Sarnath (Mrigadava) was a major educational center of Mahayana and Vajrayana philosophy along with Buddhism, and Hiuen Tsang mentioned in his account that thousands of Buddhist monks were studying here. Therefore, the correct answer is option (a).
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