Right to Education (RTE Act 2009)
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With reference to the Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP), and Fundamental Duties granted under the Indian Constitution, consider the following statements:
- 1. Some fundamental rights described in Part III of the Constitution are available only to Indian citizens (such as Articles 15, 16, 19, 29, and 30), while some are available to both citizens and foreigners (except citizens of enemy countries).
- 2. Directive Principles of State Policy (Part IV) are justiciable in nature, meaning if the state does not implement them, citizens can externally compel implementation by filing a petition in the Supreme Court or High Court.
- 3. Fundamental Duties were added under Article 51A in Part IV-A of the Constitution by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976 on the recommendation of the Swaran Singh Committee, which have been increased from 10 to 11 by the 86th Constitutional Amendment Act,
- 4.
- 5. 'Right to Education' under Article 21 has not only been added as a fundamental right, but it has also been made a duty of parents or guardians under Article 51A to provide educational opportunities to their children aged 6 to 14 years.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are completely true?
✓ Correct! Well done.
✗ Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted above.
Detailed Explanation
Statement 1 is true because fundamental rights under Articles 15, 16, 19, 29, and 30 are available only to Indian citizens, while others are available to foreigners as well. Statement 2 is false because DPSP are non-justiciable; they cannot be enforced by courts. Statement 3 is partially false because fundamental duties were originally 10 and increased to 11 by the 86th Amendment, not decreased from 10 to 8. Statement 4 is true because the Right to Education was made a fundamental right under Article 21A and a parent's duty under Article 51A(k) by the 86th Amendment, 2002.
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