Education Commissions, Committees & Policies
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Consider the following statements regarding the development of modern education in India and various historical commissions/committees:
- 1. Charles Wood's Despatch (1854), referred to as the 'Magna Carta of English Education in India', considered the responsibility of mass education as the duty of the government and recommended the establishment of universities in Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras on the lines of the University of London.
- 2. The Hunter Education Commission (1882) was appointed during the tenure of Lord Ripon to review the expansion and improvement of primary education, and recommended handing over the control of primary education to local bodies (Municipalities and District Boards).
- 3. Based on the recommendations of the Sir Thomas Raleigh Commission (1902), the 'Indian Universities Act, 1904' was passed during the tenure of Lord Curzon, through which the democratic character of universities was greatly strengthened by increasing the number of elected members in the university senate.
- 4. The main objective of the 'Wardha Scheme' (Basic Education) presented by the Dr. Zakir Hussain Committee (1937) was to provide free and compulsory primary education through the medium of mother tongue and to make handicraft and productive work the center of the curriculum.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are completely true?
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Detailed Explanation
Statements 1, 2, and 4 are completely true. Wood's Despatch (1854) is called the Magna Carta of education which laid the foundation of universities in Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras. The Hunter Commission (1882) emphasized placing primary education under local bodies. Dr. Zakir Hussain Committee's Wardha Scheme (1937) was based on basic education and handicrafts. Meanwhile, statement 3 is false because the Indian Universities Act of 1904 reduced the number of elected members in university senates and tightened government control, weakening their democratic character.
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