Maslow, Rogers & Humanism
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Regarding the social and cultural awakening of the 19th century, consider the following statements concerning the works and organizations of Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Swami Vivekananda, and Jyotirao Phule:
- 1. The 'Brahmo Samaj', established by Raja Ram Mohan Roy in 1828, strongly opposed idol worship, polytheism, and caste rigidities, while placing special emphasis on modernization by supporting Western liberal education, science, and freedom of the press.
- 2. Swami Vivekananda established the 'Ramakrishna Mission' in 1897, whose main objective was solely to propagate religious rituals, and he never prioritized social service or humanitarian works to popularize Vedanta philosophy in the western world.
- 3. The 'Satyashodhak Samaj', established by Jyotirao Phule in 1873, fought for the rights of Shudras and Ati-Shudras against Brahminical dominance and social inequality, and strongly criticized the caste system through his famous book 'Gulamgiri'.
- 4. As a result of the tireless efforts of Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, the British government passed the 'Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act' (Act XV of 1856), giving legal validity to the remarriage of widows in society.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are true?
✓ Correct! Well done.
✗ Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted above.
Detailed Explanation
Statements 1, 3, and 4 are completely true. Raja Ram Mohan Roy promoted monotheism through Brahmo Samaj and supported Western education and modernization. Jyotirao Phule founded 'Satyashodhak Samaj' and attacked the caste system in 'Gulamgiri'. The Widow Remarriage Act of 1856 was passed due to Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar's efforts. Meanwhile, statement 2 is false because Swami Vivekananda prioritized service to the poor, education, and humanitarian work alongside religious teachings through the Ramakrishna Mission.
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