Educational Philosophy & Thinkers
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Consider the following statements regarding the social and religious reform movements in 19th-century India:
- 1. The 'Brahmo Samaj' established by Raja Ram Mohan Roy strongly opposed idol worship, polytheism, and the hereditary priesthood system, propagated monotheism, and fought a historic struggle in the social sphere along with William Bentinck for the eradication of Sati practice.
- 2. The 'Arya Samaj' established by Swami Dayanand Saraswati in the year 1875 gave the slogan "Go back to the Vedas" and refuting hypocrisy and idol worship, started the 'Shuddhi Movement', through which those Hindus were brought back into the Hindu fold who had adopted other religions due to some reasons.
- 3. The main objective of the 'Satyashodhak Samaj' established by Jyotirao Phule in the year 1873 was to challenge Brahmanical supremacy, provide social justice to Shudras and Ati-Shudras (Dalits), and uplift them through education.
- 4. Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar made tireless efforts in support of widow remarriage, as a result of whose legislative efforts the 'Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act, 1856' (Act XV of 1856) was passed during the tenure of Lord Dalhousie.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are completely true?
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Detailed Explanation
All the given statements are completely true. The period of the 19th century is considered a period of social and cultural renaissance in Indian history. During this time, great social reformers like Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Swami Dayanand Saraswati, Jyotirao Phule, and Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar fought strongly against social evils, superstitions, and inequalities prevalent in Indian society and promoted modern education, women empowerment, and a logical perspective.
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