Child Nutrition & Health
Asked 2 months ago · Viewed 24 times
With reference to the role of various nutrients in the human body, their sources, and the diseases caused by their deficiency, consider the following statements:
- 1. Carbohydrates and fats are the main energy-providing nutrients to the body, where the oxidation of 1 gram of fat yields approximately 9.3 kilocalories of energy, which is more than double the energy obtained from an equivalent amount of carbohydrate.
- 2. Vitamin D, also known as 'calciferol', is a fat-soluble vitamin whose synthesis can be carried out by the skin from cholesterol in the presence of sunlight, and its deficiency causes a disease called 'osteomalacia' in adults and 'rickets' in children.
- 3. Proteins are complex nitrogenous organic compounds composed of amino acid units linked by peptide bonds; their severe deficiency causes 'kwashiorkor' (characterized by thin limbs and a swollen abdomen) and 'marasmus' in children.
- 4. Among mineral salts, the deficiency of 'iodine' causes swelling in the thyroid gland known as goiter, and the severe deficiency of iodine during pregnancy causes a disorder known as 'cretinism', in which physical and mental development is stunted in children.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are completely correct?
✓ Correct! Well done.
✗ Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted above.
Detailed Explanation
All the given statements are completely correct. Carbohydrates and fats provide energy, where fat (9.3 kcal/g) yields more energy. Vitamin D is fat-soluble and its deficiency causes rickets and osteomalacia. Protein deficiency causes kwashiorkor and marasmus, while iodine deficiency leads to serious problems like goiter and cretinism.
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