Intelligence: Concept & Theories
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When analyzing the theoretical and scientific differences between Gardner's 'Theory of Multiple Intelligences' and Spearman's 'Two-Factor Theory', which of the following statements most accurately reflects the concept of intelligence proposed by Gardner?
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Detailed Explanation
Understanding Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences
Howard Gardner (1983), through his 'Theory of Multiple Intelligences', proposed that intelligence is not a single unified or general entity, but rather a set of multiple autonomous and independent intellectual capacities.
- Gardner's View: He argued that human intelligence comprises various distinct modalities (e.g., musical, logical-mathematical, interpersonal).
- Contrast with Spearman: In contrast, Charles Spearman's 'Two-Factor Theory' emphasized a general factor (g-factor) and specific factors (s-factor).
Therefore, option B is the most accurate characterization of Gardner's theoretical framework.
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