Intelligence: Concept & Theories
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With reference to Charles Spearman's 'Two-Factor Theory of Intelligence', which of the following statements is most appropriate regarding the ontological nature of General Intelligence ('G' Factor) and Specific Intelligence ('S' Factor)?
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Detailed Explanation
Understanding Spearman's Two-Factor Theory
Charles Spearman proposed the Two-Factor Theory of Intelligence in 1904. According to this theory, intellectual abilities comprise two main components:
- 'G' Factor (General Intelligence): It is viewed as a universal, innate, and constant mental energy that is universally required for the execution of all mental and intellectual tasks.
- 'S' Factor (Specific Intelligence): It relates to specific abilities (such as music, painting, or mathematical expertise) which an individual acquires through their environment and training.
Therefore, statement A accurately captures the theoretical distinction between the two factors.
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