Classical Conditioning (Pavlov)
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Upon a micro-psychological analysis of the processes of 'Extinction', 'Spontaneous Recovery', and 'Stimulus Generalization' under Ivan Pavlov's Classical Conditioning theory, and the 'Variable Ratio Schedule' in B.F. Skinner's Operant Conditioning, which of the following statements most authoritatively explains the fundamental and practical differences in these learning dynamics?
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Detailed Explanation
Detailed Explanation
According to Ivan Pavlov's Classical Conditioning, when the Conditioned Stimulus (CS) is repeatedly presented without the Unconditioned Stimulus (US), the Conditioned Response (CR) gradually weakens and ceases, which is known as Extinction. However, if a rest period is introduced, the old response reappears spontaneously, known as Spontaneous Recovery.
- Extinction: Weakening of CR when CS is presented alone.
- Spontaneous Recovery: Reappearance of an extinguished response after a time delay.
- Variable Ratio Schedule (Skinner): Highly resistant to extinction, contrary to option B.
For more details, you can refer to Classical Conditioning on Wikipedia.
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