Moral & Character Development
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Based on a deep analysis of the philosophical dynamics of both stages of 'Post-Conventional Morality' under Lawrence Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development—namely 'Social Contract and Individual Rights' and 'Universal Ethical Principles'—if an individual opposes prevailing social laws and institutional rules solely because they contradict universal principles of human justice, human rights, or conscience (such as equality and dignity), which of the following specific psychological characteristics is exhibited by this high-level moral reasoning according to Kohlberg's framework?
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Detailed Explanation
Lawrence Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development
According to Lawrence Kohlberg's theory, the final level of Post-Conventional Morality is characterized by 'Universal Ethical Principles' and 'Social Contract'.
- Understanding Laws: At this stage, individuals do not view laws as absolute or immutable, but rather as flexible social contracts designed to promote societal welfare and justice.
- Moral Autonomy: If a law conflicts with fundamental human rights or universal standards of justice, a morally mature individual may rationally question or oppose its validity.
Therefore, challenging laws that violate basic human rights demonstrates advanced moral reasoning aligned with the highest stages of Kohlberg's framework.
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