Operant Conditioning (Skinner)
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In the context of the comparative study of Thorndike's primary laws of learning under 'Connectionism' (Law of Readiness, Law of Exercise, and Law of Effect), Pavlov's 'Classical Conditioning', and Skinner's 'Operant Conditioning', if a teacher attempts to shape students' desired behavior in the classroom through a system of reward and punishment, while also ensuring that students are mentally ready to learn, which of the following statements is most authentically true regarding the control mechanisms and philosophical basis of these three theories?
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Detailed Explanation
Detailed Explanation
Thorndike's Law of Effect states that actions followed by satisfying outcomes have an increased probability of repetition. This exact concept forms the foundation of the principle of reinforcement in B.F. Skinner's Operant Conditioning, where the organism actively emits responses (R-type conditioning).
In contrast, Ivan Pavlov's Classical Conditioning is classified as 'S-type' conditioning, where a conditioned stimulus (CS) elicits an involuntary response. Therefore, option (a) accurately describes the underlying mechanisms of these three seminal learning theories.
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