Thorndike: Trial and Error
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Under Edward Thorndike's 'Connectionism or Trial and Error Theory', the 'Law of Effect' is a central concept which states that if a response is followed by a satisfying, pleasant or positive outcome, the bond between the stimulus and response (S-R Bond) is strengthened, whereas an unsatisfactory or painful outcome weakens that bond. Regarding its actual psychological implications and scientific management of instructional reinforcement, satisfactory learning, and reduction of errors in classroom teaching, which of the following psychological statements is most authentic and scientifically valid?
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Detailed Explanation
Thorndike's Law of Effect
From the perspective of Child Development and Pedagogy, Thorndike's Law of Effect clarifies the psychological effects of rewards, satisfaction, and dissatisfaction in the learning process.
- Option (b) is the most authentic and scientifically valid statement because it clarifies that satisfying outcomes strengthen the S-R bond and aid permanent learning when combined with logical reinforcement.
- Options (a), (c), and (d) present misleading or invalid interpretations that contradict modern educational psychology.
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