Operant Conditioning (Skinner)
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Which of the following psychological statements is most authentic and scientifically valid regarding the real psychological implications of 'Shaping'—a central concept under B. F. Skinner's Operant Conditioning Theory defined as the behavioral technique of successive approximation where a complex desired terminal behavior is gradually molded by continuously reinforcing intermediate steps moving toward the goal—and its scientific management for complex skill acquisition, step-by-step learning, and positive reinforcement in classroom teaching?
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Detailed Explanation
Explanation of Shaping in Operant Conditioning
According to child development and learning theories, B. F. Skinner's Operant Conditioning Theory highlights the concept of Shaping (also known as the method of Successive Approximation).
- Definition: When a learner is initially unable to perform a complex, new, and desired target behavior, reinforcement is provided for successive steps that progressively approximate the final goal.
- Classroom Implication: Teachers break down complex skills into smaller, manageable steps and systematically apply positive reinforcement to guide students toward mastery.
Therefore, Option (b) is the most accurate and scientifically valid statement describing this learning mechanism.
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