Thorndike: Trial and Error
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Under Edward Thorndike's 'Connectionism and Trial and Error Theory', the central concept of the 'Law of Effect' states that responses followed by satisfying outcomes are strengthened, while those followed by unpleasant outcomes are weakened. Regarding its psychological implications and scientific application in classroom teaching for student reinforcement, positive motivation, and error correction, which of the following statements is most authentic and scientifically valid?
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Detailed Explanation
Detailed Explanation
According to Edward Thorndike's Law of Effect, responses that produce a satisfying effect in a given situation become more associated with that situation and are more likely to recur.
- Option A is incorrect because reinforcement impacts cognitive development and motivation.
- Option B is correct because providing immediate positive feedback creates satisfying experiences, strengthening the stimulus-response (S-R) bond and ensuring meaningful learning.
- Option C is incorrect as Thorndike later revised his view on punishment, noting it does not necessarily weaken the bond permanently.
- Option D is incorrect because the principle applies across developmental stages when properly contextualized.
Correct Answer: Option (b)
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