Thorndike: Trial and Error
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Under Edward Thorndike's Theory of Connectionism and Trial and Error, a central concept is the 'Law of Effect', which states that a response followed by a satisfying state of affairs strengthens the neural bond between the stimulus and the response, whereas an annoying state weakens it. Regarding its psychological implications and scientific management of reinforcement, satisfactory experiences, and motivation in classroom teaching, which of the following statements is most authentic and scientifically valid?
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Detailed Explanation
Explanation
Edward Thorndike's Law of Effect is foundational to educational psychology and behaviorism.
- Core Concept: It states that behaviors followed by pleasant or satisfying outcomes are likely to be repeated, while those followed by unpleasant outcomes are weakened.
- Classroom Implication: This translates directly into the use of positive reinforcement. When students experience success and satisfaction, the neural connections (S-R bonds) for that learning are strengthened, leading to permanent and desirable learning behaviors.
- Analysis of Options: Option B correctly aligns with scientific principles of learning and reinforcement, whereas options A, C, and D misrepresent Thorndike's theory by ignoring cognitive aspects, denying the role of outcomes, or incorrectly limiting the law to punishment and intrinsic motivation.
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