Personality: Theories & Types
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In the context of the Trait Theory of Personality, according to the classification of traits proposed by psychologist Gordon Allport, what are those extremely influential and pervasive traits called that dominate a person's entire life, behavior, and most actions to such an extent that the individual becomes known in society by that specific name or identity (such as 'Gandhian' or 'Machiavellian'), and according to Allport, approximately how many such traits are typically found in an individual?
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Detailed Explanation
Gordon Allport classified personality traits into three levels in his Trait Theory:
- Cardinal Dispositions: Extremely rare, powerful, and pervasive traits that dominate a person's entire life and identity.
- Central Dispositions: The major characteristics of an individual, usually numbering 5 to 10.
- Secondary Dispositions: Traits that are more situational and preference-based.
Since cardinal traits define an individual's core life path and are extremely rare, option (b) is scientifically correct.
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