Moral & Character Development
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In the context of 'psychological theories of development', which of the following best and most centrally describes the second stage of the conventional level of moral development—known as the 'social system and conscience orientation' (Stage 4)—proposed by psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg?
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Detailed Explanation
Detailed Explanation
According to Lawrence Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development, the fourth stage (Stage 4) under the Conventional Level (approximately 10-13 years) is known as the Social System and Conscience Orientation.
- Core Feature: At this stage, moral reasoning is based on the belief that laws, rules, and social order must be upheld to ensure society functions in an organized manner. Law and order must be respected for the greater good.
- Option (a) corresponds to Stage 3 (Interpersonal Accord and Conformity).
- Option (c) corresponds to Stage 6 (Universal Ethical Principles).
- Option (d) corresponds to Stage 1 (Obedience and Punishment Orientation).
Therefore, Option (b) is the correct and most precise characterization of Stage 4.
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