Moral & Character Development
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In the context of the 'Theory of Moral Development' proposed by American psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg, which of the following statements is most appropriate and true regarding the philosophical and psychological basis of both stages falling under 'Post-Conventional Morality'—namely 'Social Contract and Individual Rights' and 'Universal Ethical Principles'?
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Detailed Explanation
Understanding Kohlberg's Post-Conventional Morality
According to Lawrence Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development, Post-Conventional Morality is the highest level of moral reasoning. It consists of two final stages:
- Social Contract and Individual Rights: At this stage, individuals view laws and rules as flexible social contracts rather than rigid edicts. If a rule does not protect human rights or societal welfare, it is perceived that it should be changed.
- Universal Ethical Principles: At this final stage, morality is defined by self-chosen ethical principles that are comprehensive, universal, and consistent (such as justice, human rights, and equality). The individual is guided by their own conscience and may legally or ethically oppose unjust societal laws (e.g., Mahatma Gandhi or Martin Luther King Jr.).
Therefore, Option (c) is the most accurate and appropriate statement.
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