Personality: Theories & Types
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With reference to the 'Trait Theories of Personality', which of the following statements is most appropriate and true regarding the scientific nature of the classification of traits proposed by psychologist Gordon Allport—'Cardinal Traits', 'Central Traits', and 'Secondary Traits'—and their comparative interrelationship with 'Surface Traits' and 'Source Traits' (16PF) proposed by Raymond Cattell?
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Detailed Explanation
Understanding Trait Theories of Personality
Gordon Allport classified traits into three levels: Cardinal traits (extremely dominant and rare), Central traits (major characteristics of general life), and Secondary traits (situational preferences). In contrast, Raymond Cattell used factor analysis to divide traits into Surface traits (observable outward behaviors) and Source traits (underlying structural foundations measured by the 16PF questionnaire).
- Allport's Approach: Focuses heavily on the uniqueness of the individual and ideographic methods.
- Cattell's Approach: Focuses on nomothetic methods, using factor analysis to discover underlying source traits.
Therefore, option (A) is completely accurate and scientifically precise.
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