Operant Conditioning (Skinner)
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Which of the following psychological statements is most authentic and scientifically valid regarding the real psychological implications of the four main types of 'Schedules of Reinforcement'—(1) Continuous Reinforcement, (2) Fixed-Ratio Schedule, (3) Variable-Ratio Schedule, and (4) Fixed-Interval Schedule—proposed under B.F. Skinner's 'Operant Conditioning Theory' in relation to the stability of desired student behavior, resistance to extinction, and scientific management of internal self-regulation in classroom teaching?
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Detailed Explanation
Detailed Explanation
According to B.F. Skinner's Operant Conditioning Theory, different schedules of reinforcement have distinct effects on the acquisition and extinction of behaviors:
- Continuous Reinforcement: Reinforcing the desired response every time it occurs is most effective for the initial acquisition of a new behavior. However, it also leads to rapid extinction once the reinforcement is stopped.
- Variable-Ratio Schedule: Reinforcement is provided after an unpredictable (variable) number of responses. This schedule (akin to a slot machine) produces a high, steady rate of response and is remarkably resistant to extinction.
Therefore, statement (a) is scientifically the most accurate and valid option regarding operant conditioning principles.
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