According to Robert Gagné's 'Conditions of Learning / Hierarchy of Learning' theory, which of the following psychological statements is most authentic and scientifically valid regarding the highest type of learning—namely 'Problem Solving Learning'—and the immediately preceding type 'Rule Learning', along with their psychological implications for managing students' higher-level cognitive abilities, logical analysis, and application of complex mental rules in classroom teaching?

Robert Gagné, in his 'Conditions of Learning' theory, outlined eight types of learning progressing from simple to complex: (1) Signal learning, (2) Stimulus-response learning, (3) Chaining, (4) Verbal association, (5) Discrimination learning, (6) Concept learning, (7) Rule learning, and (8) Problem Solving. Located at the apex of the hierarchy, 'problem-solving learning' is the most complex type, where students utilize two or more learned rules to find a solution to a new and unique problem. This promotes higher-level cognitive and logical thinking.