Operant Conditioning (Skinner)
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Regarding Norman Crowder's concept of 'Branching Programmed Instruction'—where learners are directed to different branches (specific remedial or enrichment materials) based on their individual responses and error patterns, allowing each student to learn according to their individual pace and cognitive needs—which of the following psychological statements is most authentic and scientifically valid regarding its real psychological implications, the recognition of individual differences in classroom teaching, remedial teaching, and the scientific management of adaptive learning?
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Detailed Explanation
Detailed Explanation
Branching Programmed Instruction, propounded by Norman Crowder, is an excellent psychological example of individual differences and remedial teaching. Unlike B.F. Skinner's linear programming, Crowder's model analyzes the student's response through multiple-choice questions.
- If a student gives an incorrect answer, they are directed to a remedial branch to address the specific psychological cause of that error.
- This approach respects students' individual capacities, error patterns, and cognitive needs, thereby promoting adaptive learning.
- It treats errors as a natural part of the diagnostic and learning process, making it highly authentic and scientifically valid in classroom teaching.
Therefore, Option B is the most accurate psychological statement.
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