Moral & Character Development
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Under Lawrence Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development, the highest stage of 'Post-Conventional Morality'—namely the 'Universal Ethical Principle Orientation', where an individual determines right and wrong based on self-chosen ethical principles of conscience, human rights, justice, equality, and human dignity rather than blind obedience to social rules or laws. Regarding its psychological implications and the scientific facilitation of high-level critical moral thinking, democratic values, and autonomous decision-making in students within classroom teaching, which of the following psychological statements is most authentic and scientifically valid?
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Detailed Explanation
Detailed Explanation
According to Lawrence Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development, the highest level is Post-Conventional Morality, and its final stage is Stage 6: Universal Ethical Principle Orientation.
- Core Concept: At this stage, individuals are guided by their own conscience, justice, equality, and universal principles of human dignity, completely independent of external laws, social pressure, or reward-and-punishment systems.
- Critical Thinking: If a social or legal rule violates basic human rights, an individual at this stage possesses the moral courage to oppose that rule.
- Conclusion: Option (c) is the most accurate and scientifically valid statement reflecting the psychological implications of this stage.
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