Operant Conditioning (Skinner)
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Under B.F. Skinner's Operant Conditioning Theory, the concept of 'Shaping'—whereby a complex, novel, or undesired behavior is gradually transformed into a desired target behavior through reinforcement using the rule of successive approximations—has specific psychological implications for skill development, remedial teaching, and systematic behavior modification in the classroom. Which of the following psychological statements is most authentic and scientifically valid?
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Detailed Explanation
Understanding Shaping in Operant Conditioning
In B.F. Skinner's Operant Conditioning, Shaping is a crucial teaching technique based on the method of successive approximations.
- Concept: When a learner cannot perform a complex behavior initially, every small, incremental step moving toward the final goal is reinforced.
- Application: Positive reinforcement is systematically applied to successive steps to shape the desired complex behavior over time.
Therefore, option (b) provides the most accurate and scientific explanation of this psychological principle.
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