Operant Conditioning (Skinner)
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Under B. F. Skinner's Operant Conditioning Theory, the concept of 'Shaping'—whereby a desired complex target behavior is established step-by-step through the principles of successive approximations, providing reinforcement in place of a new, complex, and unlearned behavior—relates to classroom teaching and student learning. Which of the following psychological statements is most authentic and scientifically valid regarding its real psychological implications and scientific management of complex skills, disciplined habits, and corrective learning?
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Detailed Explanation
Understanding Skinner's Shaping Concept in Operant Conditioning
From the perspective of Child Development and Pedagogy, B.F. Skinner's Operant Conditioning Theory holds immense significance. Shaping is a behavioral technique used when an organism or student is initially unable to perform a complex or novel behavior spontaneously.
- It utilizes the principle of successive approximations.
- Every small, correct step taken in the direction of the target behavior is provided with positive reinforcement until the complete and complex desired behavior is finally mastered.
- In classroom teaching, especially for children with special needs or for developing complex academic skills, this is a scientifically effective and authentic technique.
Therefore, option (b) is the most accurate statement describing the mechanism and application of shaping.
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