Educational Philosophy & Thinkers
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With reference to the 'Non-Cooperation Movement' and the 'Khilafat Movement' of the Indian National Movement under Social Studies teaching, consider the following statements:
- 1. The resolution for the Non-Cooperation Movement was formally approved at the Nagpur session of the Congress held in December 1920, which was presided over by C. Vijayaraghavachariar, and the program of non-cooperation was fully accepted in this session.
- 2. During this movement, Mahatma Gandhi returned the 'Kaiser-i-Hind' title conferred by the British government, while Rabindranath Tagore renounced his Knighthood (Sir) title.
- 3. Disturbed by the Chauri Chaura incident (February 5, 1922), Mahatma Gandhi announced the immediate termination of the Non-Cooperation Movement at the Congress Working Committee meeting held in Bardoli, due to which leaders like Chittaranjan Das and Motilal Nehru supported this decision and opposed the formation of the 'Swaraj Party'.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
✓ Correct! Well done.
✗ Not quite — the correct answer is highlighted above.
Detailed Explanation
Detailed Explanation
To evaluate the statements regarding the Non-Cooperation Movement:
- Statement 1 is correct: The special session of the Congress in September 1920 at Calcutta saw the proposal of non-cooperation presented under the presidency of Lala Lajpat Rai, but it was fully and formally approved and passed at the Nagpur session in December 1920, presided over by C. Vijayaraghavachariar.
- Statement 2 is correct: During the Non-Cooperation Movement, Mahatma Gandhi returned his 'Kaiser-i-Hind' medal and Jamnalal Bajaj returned his 'Rai Bahadur' title. Rabindranath Tagore had renounced his 'Knighthood' in protest against the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, which aligned with the anti-British sentiment during the movement.
- Statement 3 is incorrect: When Gandhi ji withdrew the movement following the Chauri Chaura incident, Chittaranjan Das and Motilal Nehru were deeply disappointed by this decision. Consequently, they broke away from the Congress and established the 'Swaraj Party' in 1923, rather than opposing its formation.
Therefore, only statements 1 and 2 are correct.
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